Composting is a natural biological process that accelerates the breakdown of waste materials. Accomplishing efficient decomposition of waste involves understanding how different waste materials blend for the composting process. The end products of this decomposition are the same as those from nature's own processcarbon dioxide, water and compost. This works best when moisture and oxygen levels are maintained. This accelerated, aerobic process naturally generates heat which must be monitored and controlled; these high temperatures also sanitize the finished compost.

Composting is one of the most natural systems of recycling known. Composting recycles organic solid waste like soiled paper and food and yard waste through natural biological breakdown into a natural soil conditioner useful in stabilizing and enriching the soil. A very simple system would compost leaves and yard wastes (like in your backyard but on the large scale). The management of this process becomes more complex as more waste materials are added (i.e., food and soiled paper). Some system separate compostable components out of the waste stream. Other systems remove the recyclables, such as glass, plastic, newspaper and metal, as well as hazardous materials, and compost the rest. The best method for a community will depend on existing collection and recycling programs, markets for the compost products, financial resources, other waste management options and a variety of factors that may be unique to an area. Composting can be broadly integrated into solid waste management plans for virtually every community.

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